Glutamine

= = toc =Glutamine= =Molecular Formula= media type="custom" key="24806064" =Molar Mass= 146.14 g/mol

=HIstorical Background/Story of Discovery= Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids found in animal proteins. Its structure is identical to that of glutamic acid, except that the acidic side-chain carbonyl group of glutamine has been coupled with ammonia, yielding an amide. Once glutamine is incorporated into proteins, its relatively unreactive side-chain amide participates in very few reactions. Glutamine is not essential to the human diet, since it can be synthesized in the body from the glutamic acid. Glutamine was isolated from beet juice in 1883, but was not isolated from a protein until 1932; it was chemically synthesized in 1933. (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia)

=Where Is It Found?= Glutamine was first discovered by Schulze in 1883, who managed to isolate it from beet juice. Later on, it turned out that glutamine can in abundance in a wheat gliadin. Finally, in 1935, the synthesis of glutamine from ammonium and glutamate was explained and described by Krebs, who used the guinea pig and the rat kidney in his research.

=Melting Point/Boiling Point= Melting Point: 390.2 degrees F (185 degrees C) Boiling Point: 401 degrees F (205 degrees C)

=Density= Density: 1.46 g/cm3

=Percent Composition=

By Mass
H= 6.897% C=41.092% O=32.843% N=19.168%

=Type of Bonding= The hydrogen-bonding ability of the amino acid glutamine revealed by neutron diffraction experiments

=Chemical Properties/Reaction Tendencies= Chemical Properties: Neutral (amides of amino acids R-group) Physical Properties: Polar (uncharged)

=Uses/Importance= Some uses of glutamine include improving the well-being in people with traumatic injuries and treating weight loss and intestinal problems in people with HIV. It is also used to counter the side effects of medical treatments.

=**3-D Model**= To find the 3-D model on a MAC you must follow these steps.
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Zach

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/glutamine.html http://www.aminoacidsguide.com/Gln.html http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-878-GLUTAMINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=878&activeIngredientName=GLUTAMINE http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23083424