Chapter+14

=The Human Genome=

__Human Chromosomes__
Karyotype- A picture of a chromosome arranged in pairs Sex Chromosomes- Determine and individuals sex Autosomes- Used to distinguish between sex chromosomes
 * All Human egg cells carry a single X chromosomess (23, X) and half carry a Y chromosome (23, Y). This ensures that just about half of the zygotes will be 46 XX and half will be 46 XY.**

__Pedigree Charts__
Pedigree Chart- Shows relationships within a family.

__From Gene to Molecule__
In both cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease, a small change in the DNA of a single gene affects the structure of a protein, causing a serious genetic disorder.

Sex-linked genes- genes located on chromosomes that determine sex

Nondisjunction- not coming apart If nondisjunction occurs, abnormal numbers of chromosomes may find their way into gametes, and a disorder of chromosome numbers may result.

DNA Fingerprinting
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DNA fingerprinting- the identification of an individual using their unique fingerprint patterns

Human Genome Project
Human Genome Project is an ongoing effort to analyze the human DNA sequence

Gene Therapy
In gene therapy, an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal, working gene