Chapter+12

=Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Ribonucleic Acid= =DNA and RNA=

__Genetics__
Transformation- When bacteria passes its traits on to other bacteria, and changes it into another one of its own type.

Griffith's Experiments- Injected some mice with disease causing bacteria, and some with harmless bacteria. The mice with disease causing bacteria died of pneumonia and the mice with harmless bacteria lived. He then heated up the disease causing bacteria, making them harmless. He mixed the new heat-killed bacteria with the harmless bacteria and injected it into mice. The mice died. It is said that the harmless bacteria gained the traits of the disease causing bacteria and killed the mice, even though the disease causing bacteria were dead.

__DNA__
Contains information about the body, and causes genes to appear the way they are. Nitrogenous Bases- Cytosine Adenine Thymine Guanine. Put together in a double helix, and form nucleotides. Bases together with sugar-phospate groups, and deoxyribose, form nucleotides. Chargaffs Rule- Cytosine and Guanine always pair up. Thymine and Adenine pair up, and both groups are always in direct proportion. A=T and C=G HISTONES ball up into NUCLEOSOMES and wrap up into SUPERCOILS and ball into DNA