Benzoylmethyl+ecgonine

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Benzoylmethyl Ecgonine By: Becca

General Information: IUPAC Name: methyl-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate Molar Mass: 303.353 g/mol Formula Name: C 17 H 21 NO 4 Melting Point: 98° C Boiling Point: 187° C Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3

Background:
Three thousand years before Christ was born, Incas would chew coca leaves in order to get their hearts racing and speed their breathing to help with the effects of living in thin mountain air. Native Peruvians chewed coca leaves only during religious ceremonies until 1532 when Spanish soldiers invaded Peru. Cocaine was first extracted from coca leaves in 1859 by German chemist Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud used cocaine himself to promote the use for curing depression. In 1903 public pressure forced Coca-Cola to remove cocaine from their fizzy, soft drink. In 1912 the US government reported over 5,000 cocaine-related deaths in one year, and was legally banned by the end of that year. By the late 1980's, cocaine was no longer thought of a a drug, but a "wealthy man's drug" due to the high expense of the product. In the 1990's, Colombian drug cartels smug <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 1.5;">gled 500-800 tons of cocaine into the US, Asia, and Europe. In 2008, it became the second most trafficked illegal drug in the world.

<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 160%; vertical-align: sub;">Where is it found?
<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 1.5;">Benzoylmethyl ecgonine is found inside of Erythroxylen coca leaves. When extracted it is a rocky, white substance which is known today as "cocaine".

<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">How is it obtained?
<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Today, most benzoylmethyl ecgnonine is obtained illegally through drug dealing.

<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 160%; line-height: 1.5;">Physical Properties/Reaction Tendencies:
<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Cocaine has a tendency to act as a painkilling and stimulant properties. The painkilling effects work by blocking the transmission of pain impulses from the nerves to the brain, allowing it to be used as a local anesthetic. In contrast, its stimulant action serves to increase the heart rate, the blood pressure and the breathing rate. It gives a high feeling to give alertness and intensifies the current mood.
 * || Carbon || Hydrogen || Nitrogen || Oxygen ||
 * Percent Composition by Number || 39.55 || 48.8% || 2.3% || 9.3% ||
 * Percent Composition by Mass || 67.3% || 7.1% || 4.6% || 21.1% ||

<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Types of Bonds:
<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Since benzoylmethyl ecgonine is a covalent compound, it has covalent bonds or coordinate bonds.

<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 31px;">Uses and Importance:
<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">People use benzoylmethyl ecgonine to get a "high" feeling. People use it to snort or smoke to better their mood or use it as a painkiller. There is no known importance for the compound, being it is illegal in over 20 countries worldwide. It can also be used as a topical anesthetic for eye and ear surgery. It is also used in Brompton's Cocktail which is given to some cancer patient to help with the pain. The cocktail has vodka, cherry syrup, morphine, and cocaine. The cocaine counteracts the tiredness cause by the morphine.

<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">3D Molecular Structure: [[file:3D model.bio]]
<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Viewing Instructions <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">*If you are using a mac, you will need to download iMol to view the 3D molecular structure above.
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<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 160%; line-height: 1.5;">Works Cited:
<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/cocaine/a-short-history.html <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">http://classic.t3db.org/toxins/T3D2927 <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10194104.html <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/hemp/medical/meduse.html <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">http://www.zmescience.com/medicine/mind-and-brain/cocaine-rat-study-1002201/ <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Side_effects_of_chronic_use_of_Cocaine.png <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">http://chemistry.about.com/od/factsstructures/ig/Chemical-Structures---B/Cocaine.-e5F.htm <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">http://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/11/child-slavery-and-cocoa.html