Testosterone

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By: Taylor

**Common Information:**
Boiling: Decomposes above melting point ||
 * = Compound Name ||= Testosterone ||
 * = IUPAC Name ||= (8//R//,9//S//,10//R//,13//S//,14//S//,17//S//)- 17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl- 1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17- dodecahydrocyclopenta[//a//]phenanthren-3-one ||
 * = Molecular Formula ||= C19H28O2 ||
 * = Molar Mass ||= 288.42 ||
 * = Density ||=  ||
 * = Melting/Boiling Point ||= Melting: 155°C (311°F)
 * = Solubility ||= Insoluble in water; soluble in ethyl alcohol, chloroform, vegetable oils, ether, and other organic solvents ||

You will need to //[|download and install iMol]// to be able to view this 3-D model of this compound.

**Historical Background/Story of discovery:**
A German physiologist in 1849 did experiments in which he took four roosters, removed the testes in two of them and transplanted those testes into the abdominal cavity of the other two roosters. The roosters whose testes were castrated got weak and lazy. The roosters who received the others two testes remained very healthy and upbeat roosters. This process was done to show the effects of low levels and high levels of testosterone in men. In 1934 a scientist isolated the testosterone molecule and illustrated the structure. For this research he received the Nobel Prize in 1935. Testosterone research accelerated following this period of time, and one you are able to find more and more research beginning in 1935. In 1960 another scientist discovered that testosterone can lower cholesterol. Studies have shown that men with higher testosterone levels live longer, healthier and maintain a higher sexual potency. Testosterone has the ability to stop the spread of breast cancer in females.

**Where is it found?/How is it obtained?**

Testosterone is found in both men and women. In men, testosterone is found in the testes. In women it is found in the ovaries. Body fat cells and the skin can convert other hormones into testosterone. In both men and women testosterone can be found in the adrenal glands. Testosterone is obtained for therapeutic purposed by extraction from animal testes or by synthesis from cholesterol in a lab. Obtaining testosterone without a prescription is illegal. 



Percent Composition by Number:
Carbon- 38.8% Hydrogen- 57.1% Oxygen- 4.1%

Percent Composition by Mass:
Carbon- 79.1% Hydrogen- 9.8% Oxygen- 11.1%

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Chemical Properties/Reaction Tendencies:
Testosterone is composed of three elements, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. It is a tetracyclic molecule which means that it has four separate rings of carbon atoms that are attached to one another. Testosterone has few chemically reactive areas. The liver metabolizes testosterone to remove it from the blood. Testosterone is a well-known carcinogen and large amounts of it can cause cancer.

Uses and importance of Testosterone:
Testosterone is used in males to increase things such as hair growth and sexual development. It is a key in the development of muscles also. Many athletes use testosterone because it benefits your physique and performance. It also can benefit aerobic endurance. It decreases the amount of abdominal fat on your body. It increases muscle gain strength and causes lean mass gain to your body.

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