Cholesterol

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=__Cholesterol __=

Jessica & Adrienne =__Compound Name __ = 10R,13R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)- 2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H- cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

=__History: __ = There were many people who found cases of cholesterol, but it was first seen in 1769 by Francois Poulletier in gallstones. Though it was found it wasn't named until 1815 by Eugene Chevreul. He called this compound "cholesterine".Adolf Windaus, a German chemist, was the first to attempt to find the molecular compositions of Cholesterol. He later produced a structure of the compound and was rewarded with the Nobel Prize in 1928 for chemistry. Although his findings were great, it was soon discovered that there was an error in his research. Therefore, Heinrich Wieland, a co-worker, turned out to posses the correct cholesterol molecule through his own research in the 1930's.

=__Melting Point __= <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif">148-150°C

=__<span style="COLOR: rgb(249,6,136); FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif">Boiling Point __= <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif">360 °C (decomposes) =__<span style="COLOR: rgb(249,6,136); FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif">Molecular Formula: __= <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif">C27H45OH

=<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif">__<span style="COLOR: rgb(249,6,136); FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif">Compound Formula: __ = <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif">C27H46O =<span style="COLOR: rgb(222,33,125)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(235,51,127); FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif"> = =<span style="COLOR: rgb(222,33,125)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(235,51,127); FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif">__<span style="COLOR: rgb(249,6,136); FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif">Molar mass: __ = <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Georgia,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif">386.654 =<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(14,11,12); FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif">__<span style="COLOR: rgb(249,6,136); FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif">Background Information: __   = <span style="FONT-SIZE: 110%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif">Cholesterol is one example of a lipid.Lipids are the main components of fats and fatty substances. They are found in animals and also in plants.It is soft and wax-like. Cholesterol can be found in the cell membrane.Also in the cells of animal based foods. It is a combination between steroids and alcohol. Cholesterol is insoluble in the blood stream so it must be transported in the circulatory system. These compounds are transported in lipoproteins, which the cholesterol become attached to. Cholesterol is a white powdery substance.It is an essential nutrient that is necessary for many functions such as making vitamin A,D,E and K. It also helps to repair cell membranes and produces hormones like estrogen and testosterone. Cholesterol also has the ability to make the connection in the brain that are important for learning and memory. This compound can also take on the role of an antioxidant, which slows and prevents oxidation. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif"> (http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/nutrition/cholesterol/background.html

=__<span style="COLOR: rgb(249,6,136); FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif">Why We Need Cholesterol: __=

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 110%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif">Cholesterol is a big part of our bodily function. We need it to aid our hormone productions, the development of nerve and brain, and is the key substance for every wall in your cells body. It also helps the production of steroids in the body. HDL (high density lipoproteins) is the good source of cholesterol. Although it can remove cholesterol from cells and atheroma, it offers protection. HDL is able to transport cholesterol to the liver to be emptied. It can also cause swelling of the arteries.

=__<span style="COLOR: rgb(249,6,136); FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif">Faults of Cholesterol: __= <span style="FONT-SIZE: 110%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif">Lacking cholesterol in your body is called hypocholesterolemia. Some studies show that lower levels of cholesterol can cause depression, cancer, and even cerebral hemorrhage.It can also cause coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease. LDL (low density lipoproteins) is considered the bad cholesterol. This types of levels of cholesterol can also cause heart-attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease.

=<span style="COLOR: rgb(222,33,125); FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif"> = =<span style="COLOR: rgb(222,33,125); FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif">__<span style="COLOR: rgb(249,6,136); FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif">Structure: __ = <span style="FONT-SIZE: 110%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif">- Cholesterol has one double bond between the 5th and 6th carbon atom. The compound consist of a hydrocarbon tail, a ring structure region with 4 hydrocarbon rings, and a hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group is polar, which means it is water soluble. The hydrocarbon rings are what make up the levels of hormones. And the hydrocarbon tail is non polar <span style="COLOR: rgb(222,33,125); FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(195,37,228)"> ==<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(195,37,228)">__Percent Composition by Number__ <span style="COLOR: rgb(18,172,17)">__Percent Composition by Mass__ == <span style="FONT-SIZE: 110%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif">27 324.297 X 100 = 36.49% --- X 100= 83.87% 74 386.66164

46 46.36524 --- X 100= 62.16% -- X100= 11.99% 74 386.66164

1 15.9994 --- X 100= 1.35% X 100= 4.13% 74 386.66164 =<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif">__<span style="COLOR: rgb(249,6,136); FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif">Density: __ = <span style="FONT-SIZE: 110%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif">**0.98g/cm3** - It has a combination of both high and low density lipoproteins. The high density proteins <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,17,26); FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif"> move the cholesterol back to the liver for excretion. This results in better health outcomes. On the other hand, low density tends to be considered "the bad cholesterol." It deals with a disease in the arteries.

media type="youtube" key="wnK1Kv3XkZI&hl=en" height="355" width="425" =<span style="COLOR: rgb(222,33,125)"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif"> = =<span style="COLOR: rgb(222,33,125)"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(230,71,158)">  = =<span style="COLOR: rgb(222,33,125)"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(230,71,158)">  = =<span style="COLOR: rgb(222,33,125)"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif">__<span style="COLOR: rgb(230,71,158); FONT-FAMILY: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif">References: __ = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cholesterol_Spacefill.jpeg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4488 http://science.jrank.org/pages/1454/Cholesterol-History.html http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.298.html

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